Abstract cities

Create a series of 10 abstract designs in which you balance blocks of subordinate, dominant and accent colours. These designs are going to be used as covers for guidebooks to the following cities:

  • Madrid
  • Malmo
  • Managua
  • Manchester
  • Manhattan
  • Marrakech
  • Marseilles
  • Melbourne
  • Montreal
  • Mumbai

The books are going to be A5 landscape (210mm x148mm) size. You can use as many colours as you like and need to include the name of the city – where you place this and its colour are also important decisions to make. You may want to find out more about each city to help you develop your colour palette and also the size, shape and positioning of the colour blocks.

Explore your DTP packages further by creating the artwork in the different software packages you have to experiment with the possibilities and ease of use. You can also do this exercise on paper using coloured blocks that you can cut and move about.

Make notes in your learning log as you research and create your designs.

Brief AnalysisResearch

I have been to a couple of the cities on the list:

Manhattan – People think Manhattan is grey and boring but far from it. It’s full of hustle and bustle and colour round every corner. I have lots of photos from my visit, hopefully I can use some of them.

These are a selection of my own photographs taken on a trip to New York

Marrakech – This city is nuts! Everything is done at a break–neck speed. You step out of the serene calm of your riad and straight into the mayhem. The souks are full of every colour you can imagine and you could easily get lost in there. Hopefully I can integrate some of this into the design.

The other 8 cities are a mystery and will require some research into landmarks and colours in each of these.

I started by researching the cities and then curating a Pinterest board of images of them that I thought would translate into abstract images. Some were easier and more successful than others.

Madrid – Madrid may lack the cachet of Paris, the monumental history of Rome, or Barcelona’s reputation for Modernista masterpieces. And no, there is no equivalent of the Eiffel Tower, Colosseum or La Sagrada Família that you can point to and say ‘this is Madrid’. But Madrid has nothing to be envious of. Spain’s broad sweep of architectural history provides a glorious backdrop to city life, from medieval mansions and royal palaces to the unimagined angles of Spanish contemporary architecture, from the sober brickwork and slate spires of Madrid baroque to the extravagant confections of the belle époque. Put simply, this is one beautiful city.

Malmo – ‘The bridge’, connecting the city to cool-cat Copenhagen and its busy international airport, has helped forge a dynamic urban conglomeration. This, and the fact that Germany is just a short hop across the Baltic, helps explain why more than 150 nationalities call Malmö home. Indeed, Malmö is the worldliest, grittiest and most continental of Sweden’s major cities, a place where Middle Eastern markets, Italian coffee culture and edgy, gritty bars challenge Nordic stereotypes at every corner.

Managua – Stay a day or two and you will see that big, bad Managua ain’t so bad after all, and that this truly is the heartstring that holds the nation’s culture and commerce together. Skip it altogether, and you miss out on the revolutionary landmarks, vibrant dining and nightlife scenes and a slice of down-to-earth urban life that you’re unlikely to see anywhere else. Aside from diving into the spirited whirl of sprawling markets, improbable electric trees, remarkable street art and impressive monuments, Managua also gives you easy access to nearby lagoons, the nature reserve of Chocoyero-El Brujo, plus a smattering of fun beaches like Pochomil.

Manchester – ‘This is Manchester, we do things differently here’, declared culture catalyst and Factory Records founder Tony Wilson in 1977. It was a ballsy statement, given that Manchester’s musical renaissance hadn’t yet happened, the football teams were mediocre and the city was mired in economic depression. But bold statements and ironclad self-confidence have long been a thing in Manchester, the one-time engine room of the Industrial Revolution and a city that incubated communism, suffragism, vegetarianism and a bunch of other ‘isms’ aimed at improving humanity’s lot. In the 21st century, invention, discovery and progress remain the driving forces of this remarkable place, which responded to a terrible act of terrorism in 2017 by doubling down on the tolerant and inclusive attitudes toward all those who’ve made it home. For Mancunians born or based here, it is the best home in the world; for everyone else, it’s a brilliant place to visit.

Manhattan – Manhattan is the most densely populated of New York City’s 5 boroughs. It’s mostly made up of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East and Harlem rivers. Among the world’s major commercial, financial and cultural centres, it’s the heart of “the Big Apple.” Its iconic sites include skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building, neon-lit Times Square and the theatres of Broadway.

Marrakech – Bahia Palace and the Dar Si Said are a riot of tilework and intricate floral painted-wood ceilings, the Saadian Tombs are enriched by an opulent bounty of marble, while the Musée de Mouassine and Musée de Marrakech are a showcase of swirling stucco and carved-wood design. And if you choose to bed down for a night in a riad, you’ll be able to sleep amid some of this splendour too. Marrakesh is a city steeped in ancient artistry that continues to thrive, kept alive by the modern craftspeople of the souqs and the contemporary art and design scene of the Ville Nouvelle. Wrapped within the 19 kilometres of powder-pink rammed-earth ramparts, the medina is Marrakesh’s show-stopping sight of crowded souqs, where sheep carcasses swing from hooks next door to twinkling lamps, and narrow, doodling ochre-dusted lanes lead to nowhere. The main artery into this mazy muddle is the vast square of Djemaa El Fna, where it’s carnival night every night. Stroll between snail vendors, soothsayers, acrobats and conjurers, musicians and slapstick acting troupes to discover the old city’s frenetic pulse. The party doesn’t end until the lights go out.

Marseilles Grit and grandeur coexist seamlessly in Marseille, an exuberantly multicultural port city with a pedigree stretching back to classical Greece and a fair claim to the mantle of France’s second city. Once seen as somewhat dirty and dangerous, and lacking the glamour of Cannes or St-Tropez, this black sheep of the Provençal coastline has blossomed in cultural confidence since its 2013 stint as the European Capital of Culture. The addition of a brace of swanky new museums is just the outward sign of an optimism and self-belief that’s almost palpable. Marseille’s heart is the vibrant Vieux Port (old port), mast-to-mast with yachts and pleasure boats. Just uphill is the ancient Le Panier neighbourhood, the oldest section of the city. Also worth an explore is the République quarter, with its stylish boutiques and Haussmannian buildings, and the Joliette area, centred on Marseille’s totemic Cathédrale de Marseille Notre Dame de la Major.

Melbourne – Melbourne is often dubbed the most ‘European’ of Australian cities – indeed the eastern, designer section of Collins St was crowned the ‘Paris End’ in the 1950s. There’s also a mini New York vibe here, thanks to the city’s well-ordered grid and scattering of art-deco high-rises. But Melbourne is uniquely Melbourne, too. Much of that is due to the 230-plus laneways that penetrate into the heart of city blocks, which are recognised for world-class street art, restaurants and bars. Spend a year here – or a lifetime – and there will still be another route to take; another gem to uncover. While central Melbourne has its own allure, the city’s charm lies in its diverse suburbs, each of which tells a different tale. Despite the long-standing north–south divide (glitzy South Yarra versus hipster Fitzroy), there’s an effortless, laid-back appeal surrounding Melbourne’s bars, cafes, festivals and people that transcends borders. Best experienced like a local, neighbourhood pockets of delicious food reflect the ethnic communities that inhabit them: Victoria St, Richmond, for Vietnamese; Carlton’s old-school Italian; Balaclava for Jewish bakeries; Middle Eastern in Brunswick; Footscray for Ethiopian; and Chinatown for Asian food matched only by its country of origin.

Montreal – Montréal is a slice of old Europe in a pie of contemporary design. A day’s wander might take in the photogenic 18th-century facades of Old Montréal before a cycling tour of the lovely Canal de Lachine, or a wander through the glittering shops and restaurants of downtown before ending at the inviting terraced cafes of Plateau Mont-Royal. The architectural sweep of the city takes in a wealth of heritage churches such as the breathtaking Basilique Notre-Dame, as well as 20th-century icons like the Stade Olympique and Habitat 67. Montréal’s hotels and museums additionally push the edges of contemporary interior design.

Mumbai Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is big. It’s full of dreamers and hard-labourers, starlets and gangsters, stray dogs and exotic birds, artists and servants, fisherfolk and crorepatis (millionaires), and lots and lots of people. It has India’s most prolific film industry, some of Asia’s biggest slums (as well as the world’s most expensive home) and the largest tropical forest in an urban zone. Mumbai is India’s financial powerhouse, fashion epicentre and a pulse point of religious tension. If Mumbai is your introduction to India, prepare yourself. The city isn’t a threatening place but its furious energy, limited (but improving) public transport and punishing pollution make it challenging for visitors. The heart of the city contains some of the grandest colonial-era architecture on the planet, but explore a little more and you’ll uncover unique bazaars, hidden temples, hipster enclaves and India’s premier restaurants and nightlife.

Source: Lonely Planet

I also have a print and follow an artist called Remko Heemskerk a Dutch artist/graphic designer who’s illustrations of cityscapes, particularly New York are really colourful and eye–catching abstract images.

Source: Greenwich Village, NYC 2012 – 2013

 

My designs

I approached the cities in the order that they were printed in the brief. I wanted to depict lesser known images of the cities that were interesting enough and had enough colour in them to make them stand out. Once I had a suitable image I used the Adobe Capture app to sample the colours and create a base for a suitable palette.

Madrid

Through my research, Madrid seemed to be a city of contrasts – the old part of the city and the modern. The older parts seemed to contain some of the more clichéd images and I felt that these had been seen before. I then came across an image of some very minimal, geometric and brutal architecture of a social housing project in the city and it conjured up the image of displaying something that was very 3 dimensional in a 2 dimensional way.

 

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I then took this image and dropped it into a pre–prepared A5 landscape Illustrator document and played around with the best position for the base image. This layer was then locked and a new layer created on which to create the abstract image. I then set about creating the geometric shapes and layering them and sampling colours from the original image.

Madrid-mockup

By just suggesting the shapes of the original image, using a simple sans–serif, geometric typeface(Franklin Gothic) and keeping the palette limited I think that the final design is cohesive and works really well.

This then set the tone for the rest of the cities. To keep the idea of the designs being a series I used the same typeface for all 10 cities as I thought that if more were used they wouldn’t relate to one another and appear to be individual pieces.

Malmo

Malmo was another city that I knew very little about. It seemed like a very modern, multi–cultural city and contained many influences because of that. From it’s gothic architecture, to its brightly coloured cottages, to its spiralling skyscrapers, Malmo has plenty of architectural imagery to choose from. Again, I didn’t want to depict anything that had been done a hundred times before. I was drawn to an old water tower that looked like some sort of UFO and based my design around this.

I needed some colour reference and found out that this was a sand–coloured tower which gave it a warmer colour than the Madrid image. I tried to give the sky a warmer blue colour and highlighted the corner of a foreground building in a warm orange/red colour to help balance it out. The text was picked from the shadows of the tower to continue the warm feeling. It also gives it a bit of a retro look.

Malmo-mockup

Managua

I only knew of Managua by name only. I searched for some interesting architecture that would stand out as a suitably abstract image. I found the usual touristy images of the tree sculptures and the shell–shaped Concha Acustica. I wanted something different and discovered a picture of the domes on top of the Catedral metropolitana de Managua. These looked interesting and could add depth to a flat image.

IMG_1773

I used a little artistic licence with this one as it needed some foreground and in another photo of the cathedral it show some trees around it. I added them to the foreground to frame the image and to add some contrast in colour to the mainly grey and white building.

Managua-mockup

Manchester

Do I use Manchester’s industrial heritage? The ship canal? Football? I collated a lot of images for this city and wasn’t sure which direction to take. I then came across an image of a staircase from the Lowry Centre in Manchester and it instantly said abstract to me and was an easy image to replicate in the desired style.

IMG_1768Manchester-mockup

Manhattan

One of my favourite cities I’ve been to. As said before, it’s not as grey as you think and there are plenty of examples of colour everywhere. Initially I wanted to use one of my own photos for this one, but I seemed to have been going through a bit of a black and white phase when I visited. However, I did find plenty of imagery suitable for this exercise. I wanted to depict an iconic image of Manhattan and the buildings with fire escapes on the outside speak to me on that front. They cast such amazing shadows as the light shines through then at different times of the day. One of the photos I took while on the Highline in New York is a favourite of mine shows this.

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I found a similar colour image that I liked and transformed it into a flat image and the results were really successful.

IMG_1772Manhattan-mockup

Marrakech

This city took me in a completely different direction to which I had expected. I had initially thought it would be an image of the souks with the coloured spices and every colour of textile you could possibly think of. I researched loads of images but nothing seemed to spark my interest. I then randomly came across the image below which threw a spanner in the works as to your atypical image of Morocco.

IMG_1771

These colours popped out of the image instantly and created a complete contrast to the rest of the imagery I had found. It was also geometric in its form which really appealed to the general feel whole exercise.

Marrakech-mockup

I like this particular design because it isn’t the normal imagery associated with Marrakech.

Marseilles

Marseilles threw up lots of images of the old city and its medieval heritage. However the images that I was drawn to were the ones of a modernist housing development called La Cité Radieuse designed by Swiss architect Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, better known as Le Corbusier. La Cité Radieuse was named a  world heritage site by UNESCO in 2016. I really liked the geometry and bold colours of the buildings and felt that it would translate well to a flat image.

Marseille-mockup

Melbourne

My wife has been to Melbourne and struggled to think what could be used as a suitable image. My search was quite fruitless trying to find an inspiring image. The beach huts at Brighton beach were the the clear leader for most of the way. Then, going down the architecture route again I found an image of A’Beckett Tower in Melbourne and its unusual appearance due to its balconies. The geometry and muted colours spoke to me again.

IMG_1769Melbourne-mockup

Montreal

This was another tricky city to depict. The architecture was very modern and their were plenty of clean, shiny, geometric buildings to choose from including the geodesic dome of the Montreal Biosphere and even the Sails Park benches. I liked the idea of doing the dome as a solid, translucent circle encompassing the structure inside. I then found an image of the Cheese-grater building, yet another brutalist building that would translate into a flat image fairly easily.

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I liked the way that the blinds were all in differing stages of being open/closed. I tried to capture this in my depiction.

Montreal-mockup

Mumbai

Mumbai was a city that I knew nothing about. I had a few ideas of what I’d like to do and thought that this could be the most colourful of the whole exercise. Initially I deliberately wanted to veer away from an architectural image because I had done so many others. I found an image depicting some people in brightly coloured clothing which I thought would make a nice abstract image.

3cff98e30eed7117d98b034ae5850bafMumbai-mockup

At the time I thought that this was good enough to fit the brief. However, after stepping back and re–looking at my designs I felt that this was the weakest of the lot and decided to redo it. I wanted to find an image of a step–well as these are amazing geometric structures that defy belief but I couldn’t find any that were in or near Mumbai. Back to my images and I found one that reminded me of the example given in the exercise description. It had a clearly defined background and detail in front that could be highlighted.

IMG_1766

Mumbai-mockup1

I feel that this design is the nearest to the original image given as an example in the exercise description and as a result has turned out very successful and visually interesting.

Finalising

All the designs were made in Adobe Illustrator and then saved as jpegs which were then transferred into Photoshop and mocked–up as covers of an A5 brochure. I then animated these into a slideshow showing all the designs using Adobe Photoshop Timeline.

Feedback

I asked my peer group of fellow students for their feedback on the project and they agreed with my decision to change the Mumbai image. They were particularly positive about the Manhattan, Malmo and the Montreal images.

Conclusion

I wasn’t looking forward to this exercise as I envisaged it being more difficult than it was. Once I got into the swing of finding appropriate images and then creating an abstract version of them I found it more enjoyable. Mumbai was the only real hiccup and I think that I have sorted that now. Using the same typeface links all the designs together as a series as well as the strong architectural imagery used in all 10 designs. The use of more unusual architecture as opposed to the usual tourist sights give the series a more of an architectural feel as opposed to a touristy one. This gives a more “off the beaten track” impression of the guides appealing to seasoned travellers rather than a more commercial travel brochure.

Overall I think that I like the Manhattan image the best, but that maybe because I’m biased towards New York.

 

Understanding Colour

Johannes Itten was an artist, designer and educator who spent much of his life exploring how colour works, especially the dynamic relationship between colours. This is one of his exercises.

Draw two grids of squares, filling one with colours that you like and the other with colours you dislike. Then put the two grids side by side and ask the question ‘which one looks better?’

The usual result is the grid full of colours you dislike. This is because we tend to pick bright colours as the colours we like, which when placed side-by-side look garish and jarring. By contrast the colours we think we don’t like as much are often the more subtle and muddier mixed colours, tertiary colours and occasional bright hues. When placed side by side the effect is more balanced.

This is an important lesson for designers when picking a colour palette to work with: use bright colours but balance them against more subtle colours. It will also help you become better acquainted with your image manipulation or DTP software – identifying where your colour swatches are, how to select them and how you blend colours by changing their opacity.

Next try experimenting with placing colours together as Itten did.

Try and find different combinations of two colours to illustrate each of these ideas:

  • Angry
  • Brave
  • Creative
  • Dangerous
  • Energetic
  • Familiar
  • Gregarious
  • Hopeful
  • Independent
  • Jumpy
  • Kinetic
  • Luxurious
  • Masculine
  • New
  • Open
  • Precious
  • Quiet
  • Reasonable
  • Sociable
  • Tasteful
  • Unhappy
  • Vital
  • Wonderful
  • Extra special
  • Youthful
  • Zany

Primary Research

I needed to find out about Johannes Itten as I had never heard of him before.

Johannes Itten

1919–1923 Bauhaus master /
1919–1923 deputy director

 

Secondary research

Then to move on to colour theory. I had done some colour theory in my diploma many moons ago but hadn’t looked at it in depth. I had covered Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and complimentary colours before but had not looked at other colour relationships.

I had come across these other colour relationships before as part of the Adobe Illustrator colour guide, but I was unaware of how they actually related to the colour wheel.

Screenshot 2019-03-18 at 16.43.10

Looking more deeply into colour theory I came across the below infographic which I though demonstrated the colour relationships plus it covered hue and shade and also the effects of the colour mode in which the colours are reproduced.

Seeing the light

Screenshot 2019-03-16 at 20.24.26

Using only an image of a light bulb, the word ‘light bulb’ and a block of colour of your choice create different designs that explore visual dynamics – as the kitten designs shown in the previous project.

Think about your compositions, trying each element at a different sizes and cropping your photo. Your block of colour can be any size, so use it fully to create a sense of space in your composition. Think about layering your visual elements to create depth within your designs and think about contrasts.

Use thumbnails to work out what sort of designs you might try. You can download and use this lightbulb image from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gluehlampe_01_KMJ.jpg and work on your computer or photocopy the picture of the lightbulb and work on paper.

Be playful within the rules set, creating as many different designs as you can. Edit these down to about 20 designs that you feel represent the breadth of different approaches you have explored.

File:Gluehlampe 01 KMJ.jpg

This exercise really interested me on how to use hierarchy, contrast, shape and scale to represent the same elements in different ways.

Initially I set out some art-boards in Illustrator and added a variety of grids on to them.

Screenshot 2019-03-12 at 15.41.51

The grids I used were a Fibonacci sequence column grid; a Golden Ratio grid; a 9×9 grid and a 5 column grid.

I then thought that this would restrict me and make my designs too rigid, so I just used blank art–boards instead. I then decided on the colour scheme and typeface – a rich yellow and a sans serif typeface called Poppins that I liked for its simple geometric shapes. I imported the image of the lightbulb into Photoshop and removed the background before transferring it across to Illustrator to start working with the 3 elements varying the size, shape and layout.

Screenshot 2019-03-16 at 20.14.37

I’m happy with what I produced, particularly the how the combination of the elements worked together even when they weren’t fully visible. It is amazing the number of different combinations that you can come up with and how the designs change when a certain element is emphasised more than the others. Also the alignment of elements influences the success of the design as the elements need to relate to each other in some way, that is where my initial leaning towards a grid layout stemmed from.

From my selection I particularly liked 3 of them:

The first I liked due to the play of scale, using the lightbulb as the background image and using the type and the yellow bar as the filament. The yellow bar in front of the type obscures just enough that the type remains legible.

The second I liked for its minimalism and the playfulness of the lightbulb peering over the top of the yellow “wall”. The minimal type in the bottom corner doesn’t detract from the main image and of the 3 elements it is third in hierarchy and would be read last after seeing the first 2 elements. Also there is a lot of white space in this design which makes the other elements stand out.

The third has a large area of white space which sets off the other elements in the design. The shape of the yellow element this time was circular to relate to the shape of the bulb and looks like light emanating from the bulb. The vertical text is minimal but stands out due to the colour. The whole design made me think of something Japanese, maybe it was the circular element.

Signs and symbols

In this exercise you will read existing signs, symbols and images, and then drawing on their visual language create your own symbols.

Choose one of the following concepts:

  • Danger
  • Movement
  • Love
  • Here

How does existing visual language represent these concepts, for example both ‘danger’ and ‘love’ use red, while ‘movement’ and ‘here’ use arrows. Research the different similes and metaphors that are in common use. Document them through drawings, collecting examples and mind maps.

Now create an alternative symbol to represent at least one of the concepts.

Pencil and paper is the fastest and most practical way of working out your initial designs. You may then want to develop your idea further using computer software.

Ideas

The book An Introduction to Information Design by Kathryn Coates & Andy Ellison which is on the course reading list splits this into 3 categories: pictographs, icons and symbols.

“These are mainly used when more complicated illustrations or photographs are unsuitable, such as with signage and way-finding. It is important to understand the difference between them. Pictographs are defined as stylised images that directly resemble an object or concept. They can be categorised into 3 groups. A resemblance icon directly portrays the object it refers to, such as a steaming cup to indicate a café. Icons signify a more abstract depiction of the object shown, for example the recycling symbol which uses arrows to suggest the concept of reuse. A symbol is an icon that has no relationship or resemblance to the object or concept it represents, an example of this would be the icon for biological hazard or biohazard used to signify a health risk.”

Image result for cup iconRelated imageImage result for biohazard icon

 

 

 

 

I had a look around my desk and to see what signs and symbols I could find.

These images range from the Apple logo which is not just a logo it is a symbol representing the company and its values and quality; to the icons on my desktop; the a-for mentioned An Introduction to Information Design book; to images of the New York Transit System in Michael Bierut’s book How to use graphic design to sell things, explain things, make things look better, make people laugh, make people cry, and (every once in a while) change the world.

I then went on to list some alternative words for the 4 concepts.

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Then I searched the net for images that represented them.

Danger

Artboard 1

Movement

Artboard 2

Love

Artboard 3

Here

Artboard 5

Initial ideas from my word associations and image search gave me several ideas.

Danger: There are so many danger signs out there. We live in a health and safety, litigious society and everything has a warning of some sort on it whether it needs it or not. The perfect example of this is packets of peanuts have the warning that they “May contain nuts”! However, the most prevalent thought/image in my head when the word danger was mentioned was of the Class M-3 Model B-9 General Utility Non-Theorizing Environmental Control Robot from the 1967 television series Lost in Space created by Irwin Allen shouting “Danger, Will Robinson!”. Could this be made into a sign/symbol that would represent the word?

Image result for danger will robinson

Movement: I liked the idea of doing a sign/symbol for movement as this could throw up many directions in which it could go. I liked the idea of portraying movement with some type and the ampersand image in my research was something that stood out to me. I then thought about what movement was. It threw up the word motion and this led me to what motion is described as:

Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings in a given interval of time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time, and speed. Motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame.

Source: Wikipedia

Could this be made into some sort of scientific sign/symbol?

Love: This word seemed to throw up the most synonyms. The images I found were as expected: hearts and hand–holding; Robert Indiana’s famous love wordmark; kissing. I then asked myself “what is love?”. Love is described as a chemical reaction in the brain in which oxytocin is released giving a feeling of euphoria. I wondered if I could produce a symbol to represent love from the biological/chemical effects it has?

Image result for robert indiana love

Here: This was the least inspiring of the 4 concepts. It didn’t throw up that many synonyms or images that sparked any ideas. I discounted this concept at an early stage.

My choice: Love

Initially I didn’t think love was a viable option as it could be too cliché. However, after the brainstorming exercise it threw up the fact that love was a chemical reaction resulting in the production of oxytocin.

Signs and symbols need to be clear and easily visible and scalable in all sizes and from a distance while still being legible.

So the oxytocin idea threw up the possibility of chemical diagrams and models. I then searched for images of the chemical make-up of oxytocin.

oxytocin-mood-board

It also threw up the idea that “love is a drug” which took me in another direction altogether…

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I didn’t think that this was clear enough as a symbol representing love so I dismissed it. But I did enjoy doing it.

I went back to the idea of the molecular structure of love and oxytocin.

oxytocin-first-diagram

This was my first drawing of the molecule and it was pretty flat and not bold enough and clear enough and I don’t think that it would work at various scales and sizes. It needed to be bolder and more stylised and less detailed as a simplified symbol that could be easily seen and recognised. I tried simplifying the design by removing some of the elements and thickening up the connecting lines. While quickly sketching sketching out ideas for the simplified structure it had started to remind me of the London tube map. I wondered whether to include some of the colours used on the tube map?

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Harry Beck’s Tube map

Original 1933 Tube map

Originally considered too radical, Harry Beck’s London Underground Tube map has become a design classic.

Now recognised across the world, the Tube map was originally the brainchild of Underground electrical draughtsman, Harry Beck, who produced this imaginative and beautifully simple design back in 1933.
Rather than emphasising distance and geographical accuracy, like other maps, Beck based his on the circuit diagrams he drew for his day job; stripping the sprawling Tube network down to a neat diagram of coloured, criss-crossing lines.
Beck’s map was initially rejected by the publicity department because it was considered too radical but a successful trial print-run showed that it was just what the public wanted.
The result was an instantly clear and comprehensible chart that would become an essential guide to London – and a template for transport maps the world over.
Beck’s revolutionary design, with certain modifications and additions, survives to the present day and is set to serve London Underground and its millions of customers for many years to come.

tube_map.gif

Source: TFL

Using thicker lines and uniform sized circles like on the tube map really made the oxytocin molecule stand out. I chose to colour the circles(molecules) in primary colours.  I didn’t think that the lines needed to be different colours as this would make the overall design a little disjointed. I also removed the smaller molecules as the image looked too busy. I gave the molecule structure curved corners in order to soften the symbol slightly as it looked a little stark and clinical with sharp edges and corners.

The background needed something, so I went back to the tube map and took inspiration from the zones on the map and used something similar in my design. I took the hexagon in the molecule structure used this shape to create a background similar to that of the tube map. The hexagons are in the proportions on the Golden Ratio: 1.618 and are aligned to the hexagon in the molecular structure of the oxytocin symbol.

Final design

oxytocin

Conclusion

I initially thought this would be a challenge designing a symbol to represent one of the four words. But after brainstorming the word I ended up with the one that I least expected to offer up a solution.

Once again, I went away from the cliché images for love and hopefully hit the brief but from a slightly different angle.

Feedback from other students was good, but I did have to explain what it was to some of them. Once I had explained it, they understood where I was coming from. The relationship of the hexagons in the background also raised some questions with other students who were unsure of what the Golden Ratio was.

I believe that this design would be scalable and clear at any size.

Mock-up_Poster_square

Reflection

On reflection the symbol is not obviously about love. The direction I chose is not the most obvious and therefore is difficult to interpret. Using the tube map as a reference for the design worked in that I have designed a symbol that looks like the tube map but isn’t obviously about love. Perhaps rather than a hexagon as the background maybe a heart shape would have been a better background even if it was a little obvious, however the hexagon shape related to the cellular diagram. I liked the use of the Golden Ratio for the background as equal sized divisions didn’t look right. The pattern created using the Golden Ratio is more pleasing to the eye.

I think moving forward I will try to be a little obtuse in my approach to my work.

A visual diary

It is very easy for the ephemera of everyday life to disappear; leaflets binned, magazines recycled and books reprinted. If you get in the habit of collecting examples of design that you encounter everyday, then you start to get a feel of your tastes and interests, and over time both your design horizons and cultural awareness broadens.

Start a scrapbook, sketchbook or use a blog to document the visual world around you. Find examples of visual language that interest you, these could be taken from anywhere (art, film, photography, illustration, design, craft, cinema, hobbies, etc).

If you can, visit museums, galleries and consider all the graphic design around you – in books, magazines, cinemas, shops and poster sites. This is your investigation, so follow your nose.

Collect leaflets, flyers and postcards; take photos of things you see in the street; keep pages from magazines – anything and everything that is visually stimulating to you. There is no right or wrong, the important thing is to actively look at the world around you and become genuinely curious about visual languages.

Reflect on what you have been collecting: are there dominant themes emerging? You may find yourself interested in a particular area of design, era or design product. What does this tell you about your own visual language and cultural awareness? Make notes in your learning log.

Pinterest

I have been collecting design stuff I like for a long time on Pinterest. I have several boards setup covering “design ideas”, “logos” and “typography” as well as on for my college work.

Screenshot 2019-02-22 at 14.30.06.pngThe “logos” board is the biggest of the lot with over 700 pins in it. There are logos of varying styles and shapes. I am drawn towards what I class as ‘clever’ logo and the more minimal the better.

Screenshot 2019-02-22 at 14.30.46.pngThe ‘typography’ board is the newest and is a work in progress but I am really enjoying my typography at the moment and most of the work I am currently doing seems to have type in it somewhere!

Screenshot 2019-02-22 at 14.31.19.pngThe “design ideas” board is where I put images that I use for research when doing any design work.

Screenshot 2019-02-22 at 14.31.49.png

Also, I guess that my mobile phone is a visual diary of events and interests that is documented over time. This has only just occurred to me and is an interesting concept that I probably need to use more. My DSLR camera is also an underused piece of kit that only comes out on holidays etc..

Research point

Designers I like

I suppose I like the classic designers like Josef Müller–Brockmann; Paul Renner; Frank Lloyd Wright; Saul Bass and Paul Rand. Currently I’m reading Michael Beirut’s book “How to” at the moment and I have a bit of a man–crush on Chris Do and everything he does.

Josef Müller–Brockmann

As with most graphic designers that can be classified as part of the Swiss International Style, Joseph Müller-Brockmann was influenced by the ideas of several different design and art movements including Constructivism, De Stijl, Suprematism and the Bauhaus. He is perhaps the most well-known Swiss designer and his name is probably the most easily recognized when talking about the period. He was born and raised in Switzerland and by the age of 43 he became a teacher at the Zurich school of arts and crafts.

Perhaps his most decisive work was done for the Zurich Town Hall as poster advertisements for its theater productions. He published several books, including The Graphic Artist and His Problems and Grid Systems in Graphic Design. These books provide an in-depth analysis of his work practices and philosophies, and provide an excellent foundation for young graphic designers wishing to learn more about the profession. He spent most of his life working and teaching, even into the early 1990s when he toured the US and Canada speaking about his work. He died in Zurich in 1996.

Source: Designhistory.com

Josef Müller–Brockmann is fairly new addition to the list of designers I like. Chris Do has introduced me to the work of the early Swiss designers and the minimal, grid–based work that they did. I am a big fan of minimal design and typography of the Swiss designers.

Paul Renner

Paul Friedrich August Renner (9 August 1878 – 25 April 1956) was a typeface designer. In 1927, he designed the Futura typeface, which became one of the most successful and most-used types of the 20th century. He was born in Wernigerode, Germany and died in Hödingen.

He had a strict Protestant upbringing, being educated in a 19th-century Gymnasium. He was brought up to have a very German sense of leadership, of duty and responsibility. He disliked abstract art and many forms of modern culture, such as jazz, cinema, and dancing. But equally, he admired the functionalist strain in modernism. Thus, Renner can be seen as a bridge between the traditional (19th century) and the modern (20th century). He attempted to fuse the Gothic and the roman typefaces.

Renner was a prominent member of the Deutscher Werkbund (German Work Federation). Two of his major texts are Typografie als Kunst (Typography as Art) and Die Kunst der Typographie (The Art of Typography). He created a new set of guidelines for good book design and invented the popular Futura, a geometric sans-serif font used by many typographers throughout the 20th century and today. The typeface Architype Renner is based upon Renner’s early experimental exploration of geometric letterforms for the Futura typeface, most of which were deleted from the face’s character set before it was issued. Tasse, a 1994 typeface is a revival of Renner’s 1953 typeface Steile Futura.

Source: Wikipedia

Paul Renner was a logical step from the minimal designers I was interested in and his typography design skills and his contribution to the Bauhaus movement.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called “the best all-time work of American architecture”. His creative period spanned more than 70 years.

Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture, and he also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States. In addition to his houses, Wright designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums, and other structures. He often designed interior elements for these buildings, as well, including furniture and stained glass. Wright wrote 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and Europe. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as “the greatest American architect of all time”

Source: Wikipedia

Frank Lloyd Wright's Kaufmann House, also known as Fallingwater, in Mill Run, Pennsylvania.

Source: Architectural Digest

I know he’s not a graphic designer but once again I’m drawn to the minimal design of his architecture and how it has been influenced by minimalist design movements.

Saul Bass

Saul Bass (May 8, 1920 — April 25, 1996) was a graphic designer and filmmaker, perhaps best known for his design of film posters and title sequences. Saul worked side-by-side with his wife Elaine Bass for much of his career.

During his 40-year career Bass worked for some of Hollywood’s greatest filmmakers, including Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, Otto Preminger, Billy Wilder, and Martin Scorsese. He became well-known in the film industry after creating the title sequence for Otto Preminger’s The Man with the Golden Arm in 1955. For Alfred Hitchcock, Bass designed effective and memorable title sequences, inventing a new type of kinetic typography, for North by NorthwestVertigo (working with John Whitney), and Psycho.

Bass also designed some of the most iconic corporate logos in North America, including the original AT&T “bell” logo in 1969, as well as their later “globe” logo in 1983. He also designed Continental Airlines’ 1968 “jetstream” logo and United Airlines’ 1974 “tulip” logo which have become some of the most recognised logos of the era.

In 1955, Elaine Makatura came to work with Saul Bass and after the opening title sequence to Spartacus in 1960, which Elaine co-directed and produced, the two were married. Much of Saul Bass’s title design and film work thereafter was made in close collaboration with Elaine. After the birth of their children, Jennifer in 1964 and Jeffrey in 1967, the Basses concentrated on their family, short films, and title sequences. Their first joint venture into short filmmaking was with promotional films for pavilions at the 1964 World’s Fair, From Here to There for United Airlines and The Searching Eye for Eastman Kodak. In 1968, they made the short film Why Man Creates, which won an Oscar.

Toward the end of his career, Saul Bass was “rediscovered” by James L. Brooks and Martin Scorsese, who urged the Basses to return to main title design.

For Scorsese, Elaine and Saul Bass created title sequences for GoodfellasCape FearThe Age of Innocence, and Casino, their last title sequence.

Source: Artofthetitle.com

Image result for saul bassImage result for saul bassImage result for saul bass

I first came across Saul’s work in researching logo ideas and how his work had influenced so many designers since and how his designs are timeless. This then led me to his discovering his work in the film industry designing the titles for many iconic movies.

Paul Rand

Paul Rand was an eminent twentieth century American graphic designer and art director. He was the pioneer of iconic corporate logo designs for major firms, including IBM, ABC, Morningstar, Inc., NeXT Computer, Yale University and Enron. He was an avid practitioner of Swiss Style of graphic designing in American advertising industry.

On August 15, 1914, in Brooklyn, New York, Rand was born as Peretz Rosenbaum. Since a very early age, he had a keen interest in painting and designing which reflected through his painting signs for his father’s grocery store and for his school events. As his father was of the view that art alone would be insufficient to provide a satisfying lifestyle for his son, so he enrolled him at Manhattan’s Harren High School. While studying there, Paul also attended night classes at the Pratt Institute from 1929 to 1932. He attended several art schools in succession such as The New School for Design, the Art Students League and Yale University in Connecticut. Notwithstanding his rich academic career in arts, Rand developed his graphic sense through self-education largely, as he voraciously read the European magazines, discovering the works of Cassandre and László Moholy-Nagy.

Subsequently, Rand began his career as a part-time stock image creator for a syndicate. Soon his class assignments and part-time job rendered him to assemble a distinguished portfolio. His work was highly influenced by Sachplakat, the German advertising style and Gustav Jensen’s works. During this time he also decided to cloak his Jewish origin by shortening and modernizing his name Peretz Rosenbaum as Paul Rand. The decision worked in his best interest as he became the most enduring brand name for graphic designing. Shortly after, he became a success story and during his twenties his graphic work earned international recognition. One of his notable designs was featured on the cover of Directionmagazine, which he created free of charge in honor of artistic freedom.

Despite the fact that Rand earned his ultimate success by designing corporate logos, however, the source of his reputation is based on his initial work on page design. In mid 1930s he was requested by Apparel Arts (now GQ) magazine to develop the page layout for their anniversary issue. Later he was offered a job at another prestigious magazine, Esquire-Coronet, as an art director. After first refusal, he accepted the offer, managing the fashion pages for Esquire. During 1950s and 1960s, Paul Rand became a brand name for logo designing in corporate industry. Many of the above mentioned firms owe their graphic designing heritage to him. In 1956, IBM became one of the companies that truly defined his corporate identity. He revised the IBM logo design in 1960 and yet again in 1972 with the famous stripes pattern.

Moreover, Rand’s graphic genius is also evident from his collaboration with the technology giant, Steve Jobs, on the NeXT Computer corporate identity project. The logo containing a simple two-dimensional black box presenting the four-letter company’s name manifested a visual harmony. Steve Jobs admired Rand’s graphic creativity and called him “the greatest living graphic designer.” Besides art direction, he taught at Yale University, as a Professor of Graphic Design. Additionally, he wrote several crucial works on design such as Design, Form and Chaos, Thoughts on Design and Design and the Play Instinct. In his final years he recorded his memoirs and focused on designing. At the age of 82, Paul Rand died of cancer in 1996 and was interred at Beth El Cemetery.

Source: Famousgraphicdesigners.org

Enron LogoNeXT LogoIBM LogoABC LogoUPS logo

Paul Rand is yet another logo designer I admire as he defined many iconic brands through his work.

Michael Bierut

Michael Bierut is one of the leading American graphic designers, design critic and educator. At Vignelli Associates, he was the vice president of graphic design. He also served as a senior critic at the Yale School of Art. He had close association with the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) and Pentagram, as well.

Born in 1957, Michael Bierut grew up in Cleveland Ohio. Graphic design was not as popular in those times that it would be promoted to young adults. His love of fine art, drawing and music helped him find only two books in the library on the subject. He finally decided to study graphic designing at the University of Cincinnati’s College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning. He interned for another AIGA medalist, Chris Pullman, at a Boston public television station, WGBH. Upon graduation in 1980, he on to work for Vignelli Associates and in the span of a decade he became its Vice President. He had serious industry clout there but it also helped him form the key principle of his career. According to him, things that get designers really interested are in actuality not that significant.

Bierut is visionary who understands the company’s readership and audience. Working at Vignelli Associates he acknowledged the fact that the annual reports and corporate brochures created by designers are not read keenly. So he altered his strategy as he strove to create the kind of content that people feel interested in reading. When Beirut began to work for the company, he had to do most of the work manually because the technological advancement had not yet arrived. He credits the first four years working for Vignelli Associates for empowering him to achieve what he has today. He used to design invitations for his friends’ parties, freebies for non-profits, unique birthday cards and packaging for mix tapes. Massimo Vignelli assigned him more and more work as he observed he grew efficient with time.

In 1990, Bierut became a partner with the New York office of Pentagram. There he served clients such as Alliance for Downtown New York, Motorola, Alfred A. Knopf, the Walt Disney Company, the Toy Industry Association, Yale School of Architecture, Princeton University and New York University. Exhibition on the psychedelic era for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was one of the projects that Bierut managed. Moreover, he offered his services as a design consultant to United Airlines. Dwell sought his assistances on design book recommendations, while Fast Company required his valuable opinion on corporate branding. Morgan Library Museum recently sought his expertise on the development of a new signage and identity as it expanded. The New York Times building and Phillip Johnson’s Glass House hired him to create the environmental graphics for them. Besides redesigning The Atlantic magazine, he developed marketing strategies for William Jefferson Clinton Foundation.

Michael Beirut’s innumerable and invaluable contributions to graphic designing had him earned over hundreds of accolades. Also his work is in permanent collections in several museums across the globe including cities like New York, Montreal, Germany, and Washington D.C. During late 1980s, he was appointed president emeritus of the New York Chapter of the AIGA and currently holds the presidency of AIGA national. Additionally, Princeton Architectural Press has published his book Seventy-Nine Short Essays on Design, in 2007. Being a senior critic at Yale he also co-edits the anthology series Looking Closer: Critical Writings on Graphic Design.

Source: Famousgraphicdesigners.org

Image result for michael bierutImage result for michael bierut

Image result for michael bierut

I have now finished reading Michael’s book and it has only lead me to hold him in higher regard. His career is an impressive one and his work is so clever and his approach to some of the briefs he has undertaken has been inspirational to me.

Chris Do

Chris Do is an Emmy award winning designer, founder and CEO of Blind, Inc., where he oversees the creative and strategic direction of the company.

Mr. Do currently serves on the board and is an advisor for organizations including: AIGA/LA, Emmys Motion & Title Design Peer Group, Otis Board of Governors, Saleshood, Santa Monica College and Woodbury University.

He received his BFA from Art Center College of Design in Graphics/Packaging, where he has taught Sequential Design for over a decade. He’s lectured at: California Institute of the Arts, LA Art Institute, Siggraph, Otis College of Design, MGLA, Cal State Los Angeles/Northridge and San Diego City College.

Prior to forming Blind, Mr. Do worked at Cole & Weber, Seattle as an Art Director, Epitaph Records as a designer and freelance designer at broadcast design firm, Novocom and R/GA LA under Kyle Cooper on main titles such as The Island of Dr. Moreau, Celtic Pride and Eraser.

Source: blind.com

Image result for chris doChris is my current man–crush. He is a motion designer and graphic designer based in L.A.. His studio now has a sideline in teaching elements of design and the business of design which I am an avid follower of.

Thinking of you

This assignment will allow you to put into practice what you have learnt in all the projects and exercises you have done so far, in particular your ability to work through the design process and undertake creative problem solving in relation to a set brief.

Context

Greetings cards are an illustrated, folded card usually in an envelope that express a range of sentiments – such as celebrations, congratulations, thanks, regrets and condolences. They are often related to specific dates such as St. Valentine’s Day, religious holidays or big landmarks in your life, like turning 21 or the birth of a child.

The brief

Create a range of cards for sentiments or events that are worthy of a greetings card, but are currently not catered for by card manufactures. The cards could be linked to other calendar events, obscure Saints days, sporting calendars or any other happening that is worth celebrating or commiserating. You may wish to explore some of life’s other landmarks that currently don’t feature in greetings cards, like getting your first grey hairs, being released from prison or any other personal landmark someone might want to share.

Requirements

You will need to design the cover of your card and the message inside. You may choose to include the envelope within your design work as well as explore the possibility of pop-ups or other forms of cards. At least three finished cards will be produced, which can either be unrelated or work as a series linked to the same sentiment. Base the dimensions of your cards on a size of envelope that you have available to you. Work through the design process, documenting it in your research file as you go:

  • Analyse the brief Read the brief, identifying keywords, communication issues and design problems
  • Research and develop ideas Identify the primary and secondary research you need to undertake. This brief requires some lateral thinking: develop ideas that are unexpected, obvious and fun.
  • Visualise your ideas Use mood boards to explore the feel of your sentiments, visualise your ideas through thumbnails and create mock-ups of your cards.
  • Critique your work Write a short rationale for each of your ideas explaining your decision-making process. Evaluate your design work, try and include other people in this process.
  • Finish your artwork Create at least three finished cards that are of the highest visual quality that you can achieve at this time. Use appropriate DTP, image manipulation and/or illustration software to complete them. Remember to check for spelling, typos and accuracy.

Brief Analysis Card Design

Primary Research

History of the greeting card

Despite the rise in e-cards and instant messaging, sending a greeting card remains as popular as ever. They are so embedded in British culture, we are astonished to discover that it is not customary worldwide to line up your birthday cards on the mantelpiece or buy a card when popping out for a pint of milk. Although countries ranging from India to Germany also send cards, none make such a display of their birthday cards in the lounge as we do, whilst very few have dedicated shops and such a variety of outlets selling cards. What is it about the humble greeting card that has led it to be the forerunner in keeping the spirit of print alive, and why is the British public so in love with sending them?

Greeting cards are nothing new. People from all over the world have been crafting their own paper creations for centuries. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus, 15th Century Europeans used woodcut printing methods and Victorian ladies adorned their cards with lace and embroidery. Making cards was a skilled and luxurious labour of love, a niche activity for those with time on their hands to indulge in it. But the origins of the greeting card began with Henry Cole and the story of British artistic traditions and postal service he helped to establish. He was reported to have declared that his mission was “to beautify life” and whether this is true or not, his involvement in the arts has left a legacy enjoyed by people the world over.

Greeting cards are nothing new. People from all over the world have been crafting their own paper creations for centuries. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus, 15th Century Europeans used woodcut printing methods and Victorian ladies adorned their cards with lace and embroidery. Making cards was a skilled and luxurious labour of love, a niche activity for those with time on their hands to indulge in it. But the origins of the greeting card began with Henry Cole and the story of British artistic traditions and postal service he helped to establish. He was reported to have declared that his mission was “to beautify life” and whether this is true or not, his involvement in the arts has left a legacy enjoyed by people the world over.

Inspired by his love of the printed form, he commissioned artist John Calcott Horsley to produce one of the first commercial greeting cards. They produced 1000 lithographic copies of the triptych card, each one coloured by hand. It wasn’t the most attractive card ever made, but it did cause controversy, upsetting the temperance movement with its depiction of small children drinking wine. Henry Cole was a man who was passionate about British art and culture, a driving force behind the Great Exhibition, The Royal Albert Hall and the V&A Museum. But perhaps his most enduring contribution to our insatiable appetite for sending cards was his work in helping to establish the Penny Post and the reform of the postal service.

It is impossible for a British person to separate the greeting card from the post box – dipping your hand into pillar box red, clutching a Valentine’s card, walking to the end of the street in your winter coat to post a letter to Father Christmas. Even schools have their own handcrafted post boxes for Christmas and Valentine’s day. Homemade boxes covered in red paper for the posting of tiny envelopes addressed to their friends, as though we are training children in the art of sending greeting as part of the national curriculum. Since the Victorian era, most of our best wishes, congratulations, condolences and Happy Birthdays have been sent through the post. The history of the British Greeting card has been shaped by our beloved Royal Mail. In 1840, Henry Cole helped Rowland Hill to establish the Penny Post which made sending cards not only viable but helped the greeting card industry become a commercial success. Before the introduction of the penny black stamp, post was paid for by the recipient, which meant that the poor couldn’t receive letters or cards. Rowland Hill was inspired to reform the postal system when he witnessed a distressed young woman on her doorstep, too poor to receive a letter from her lover. Not only did the post become more efficient, it became fairer, as sending and receiving notes of happiness and comfort was opened up to all.

The British tradition of sending cards continued to thrive into the twentieth century and the postal service was vital in helping us to support each other in times of need. During WW1 soldiers embroidered cards to be sent home from the front line and, due to censorship, the care and love put into the card designs expressed the feelings that they themselves may not have been able to write in letters. These cards still exist and have been preserved and treasured by their families, even when other memorabilia has been lost. They are touching and poignant even for us today, but the intense emotion these creations must have inspired in the intended recipient perfectly capture the simple yet incredible power of a greeting card. This emotional power endures today, despite our over – reliance on digital media. Sharon Little from the Greeting Card Association explains that: “It’s been scientifically proven that receiving cards makes people feel far more special and cared–for than any kind of e-communication including texts, social media messages or e-cards.”

In the same way that digital reading devices have not replaced books, it is the tactile nature of cards that warms the heart, people still love print and the feel of paper in their hands. Foiled, letterpress printed, blind debossed, die-stamped and biodegradable – the quality and variety of our cards is full of artistry and craftsmanship. In some parts of Britain, the greeting card business has replaced heavy industry and throughout the country thousands of artists, designers, typesetters, writers and printers are employed to keep it the most innovative in the world. Over 40% of greeting card companies are smaller independents, leading to the production of highly creative cards produced with traditional, high-quality production values. Charlie Cumming from Meticulous Ink explains that in recent years, “There has been a resurgence in wanting quality, something more considered. We run handwriting workshops because people want to write in a nicer way, to write more cards. To buy cards that they will enjoy sending”.

The history of greeting cards has come full circle. Although not always handmade, people are sending more quality cards – printed on quality papers, designed by respected artists and designers. The value of sales has gone up and people are increasingly looking for something unique and beautifully made. If it is humanly possible, cards are becoming even more desirable in this digital age. This is borne out by the continued international success of companies like Smythson of Bond St. Established in 1887 just 40 years after the first Christmas card was produced by Henry Cole, they attribute their continued success to creating ‘A world where our craft meets your story’.

One hundred years have passed since soldiers sent cards from the Somme but despite the rise of instant messaging, social media, and the E-card, the humble greeting card is still keeping the spirit of print alive. As Sharon Little explains, “We don’t write many letters anymore – so it’s actually cards that are the last bastion of handwriting.” The V&A, which Henry Cole founded, now stocks hundreds of cards, greeting cards are still beautifying life, both visually and emotionally. We remain strongly attracted to the greeting card to provide that special human touch. To understand the British relationship with the greeting card you have to understand that it is historical, traditional and, above all, emotional. Like a private joke or a comforting squeeze of the shoulder, it is a simple way of expressing a myriad of different emotions. We may be accused of having a stiff upper lip, but we wear our hearts on our sheaths of paper and love cards with a saucy joke.

Source: Lagom Design

Facts about the greeting card industry

  • The greeting card industry is directly and indirectly responsible for the jobs of 100,000 people in the UK including: publishers; artists, photographers and image suppliers; verse and prose writers; printers; paper and board companies; envelope and cello wrap suppliers; specialist finishers; warehousing and distribution companies; trade fair organisers and retailers.
  • No other country has such a tradition of card sending or card display in the home – the sending and receiving of cards is an important part of our culture.
  • We buy more cards per person than any other nation – 33 each a year.
  • But the industry’s rule of thumb is that 85% of all cards are bought by women.
  • The UK card industry is acknowledged to be ten years ahead of the rest of the world in terms of design.
  • Greeting cards are stocked in more types of outlet than any other product – with one in six retailers stocking greeting cards.
  • There are over a thousand publishers in the UK, most of which are small businesses with fewer than five employees. Out of the 450 plus members of the GCA over 350 are small/micro businesses.
  • It’s a creative industry with strong bases in London, Nottinghamshire and the North, especially Yorkshire and Lancashire, where it has replaced many of the heavy manufacturing industries as a major employers.
  • Charities estimate that £50m is raised for good causes through the sales of charity Christmas cards each year.
  • Greeting card making is also the number one craft hobby, according to Crafts Beautiful, the top consumer craft magazine, which receives more enquiries about greeting cards than any other subject.
  • The commercial Christmas card was invented in 1846 by Sir Henry Cole, the chief organiser of the Great Exhibition, pioneer of the penny post and founder of the V&A Museum.
  • One of Sir Henry’s first Christmas cards, sent to his Grandmother was recently sold at auction for £22,500.

Facts and figures

Latest Figures from the GCA Market Report 2018

The latest GCA Market Report shows that in 2017 the UK public spent £1.7 billion on greeting cards.

The report, which covers sales January – December 2017, is the only research based on actual retail sales figures, with data confidentially submitted by UK publishers to market analysts Echo Research (formerly a division of Ebiquity).

The total retail value of single cards sales in the UK stood at over £1.506bn in 2017.

Everyday cards are now worth £1.163bn.

Nearly 100 million Christmas single cards were sold, bringing the total for the Christmas card market to one billion cards sold in the UK.

In addition, an estimated 900m Christmas cards were sold in boxes and packs worth around £230m, as well as millions of cards bought from online operators, such as Moonpig.

Source: Greeting Card Association

What is currently on offer?

Greeting cards are no longer exclusively available only in specialist card shops and are widely available in most shops and supermarkets. So a trip to the supermarket was “on the cards”! I took some photos of the offer in a Morrison’s supermarket.

There were so many on offer including generic cards along with birthday and age–related categories. There was also a Valentines Day card section due to the time of the year. This demonstrates that cards can be seasonal e.g. Christmas; Easter; Valentines; Fathers’/Mothers’ Day etc..

The online card business is now a massive part of the industry and gives the consumer a more bespoke service in personalising the cards. This means that card designs need to work well for print and as a thumbnail on a website, similar to the book design exercise.

Screenshot 2019-02-11 at 16.24.15

Secondary Research

What days to celebrate?

I wanted to find some of the more unusual days to celebrate and found the website Days of the year which has days listed for almost every day of the year. Now, which to pick?

Days of the year.com

I started with what was celebrated on the 20th of February other than my birthday. The one that jumped out at me was Handcuff Day as this was unusual and could throw up some interesting imagery and compositions.

While searching for ideas I made myself a cup of tea and wondered if there was a tea day? It turns out that the 15th of December is International Tea Day. So that was number 2.

I chose the final date based on my inner–geek: the 5th of April 2063 Star Trek First Contact Day.

Handcuff Day

Handcuff Day marks the occasion back in 1912, on February 20th, when a patent was granted to George A. Carney for a revolutionary new style of handcuff. This new design became the de facto restraint of law enforcement agencies worldwide.

Lightweight and easier to use than previous handcuffs, Carney’s revolutionary “swinging bow ratchet – type”  handcuff design allows a subject to be secured without the use of a key. Before that handcuffs were heavy and bulky and there was no standard style at all. Carney’s design was always ready and easier to compare to older models.

Since that patent, most modern handcuffs around the world have been made with the same swing through design, with minor modifications. The Carney Patent was bought by James Milton Gill who then started the Peerless® Handcuff Company of Springfield, Mass. and Carney’s handcuffs have been manufactured ever since, becoming the irreplaceable tools of the trade for clients ranging from police officers to Harry Houdini-like escape artists

International Tea Day

The International Tea Day campaign was launched in 2005 by the trade unions, small tea growers and civil society organisations in Asia and Africa to address the issues of living wages for workers and fair prices for small tea producers.

The International Tea Conference in New Delhi came out with an International Declaration on the rights of workers and small growers to help regulate uneven competition, land ownership, safety regulations, rights of women, social security and living wages. Another organisation, The Tea Board of India, proposed International Tea Day in hopes of it becoming an official holiday to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation.

This was proposed by chairman Santosh Kumar Sarangi in 2015. According to the chairman, the proposal of India was supported by countries such as Canada, the United States, European Union, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Kenya, and Malawi. While the holiday doesn’t have official status, the goal of this holiday is to recognise the vulnerable situations that tea producers in India have with current living conditions and worker-related policies.

The day also focuses on deliberating on urgent issues such as residues, climate change, technology and trends on production and consumption in the tea industry. To observe this day, over 150 representatives from tea organisations gather and conduct a seminar to discuss the pervading problems the tea industry has as well as problems faced within their own country.

Star Trek First Contact Day

There is one day in the history of mankind in the Star Trek universe that stands out above all others, even though it is only celebrated as a relatively minor holiday. On that day in 2063, Zefram Cochrane first took a flight at speeds in excess of Warp 1 in the Phoenix, alerting the Vulcan race to their entrance into the interstellar community and initiating first contact. Some 300 years later it was commemorated as First Contact Day, and the celebration went on from there. Star Trek: First Contact Day commemorates that day in real life, and fans everywhere get together to celebrate the most pivotal moment in Star Trek human history!

First Contact is an important part of a species introduction into the galactic community and is handled very carefully by the extant species of Star Fleet. Generally speaking, they find it beneficial to privately approach the scientists and other intellectuals of the target species with the belief that they’ll be ready to accept the existence of off-world species. The approach is generally timed for when the species is about to enter the galactic community by engaging in their first faster-than-light travel. From that point, they receive an explanation about what the universe outside their solar system is like and are welcomed in.

Mind maps

I mind mapped the 3 days and it went in some fun directions.

The handcuff map went on what seemed to be a thesaurus of words for disorder and various restraints.

Star Trek went down several different routes from literal Trek references to interstellar imagery.

Tea took me from the ingredients and the paraphernalia that goes with it , to vintage tea ads, to the Bauhaus!

Mood Board

I collected a few images that I like that related to the 3 topics I’d chosen that I think would work with my designs

Screenshot 2019-02-20 at 16.37.14

Pinterest Board

Initial ideas

Handcuff Day

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I picked handcuff day as it is celebrated on the same day as my birthday. My mind map was split into two categories when it came to handcuffs: Fluffy, hen-do, sexual object and the means of control and imprisonment. I immediately wrote off the fluffy handcuff idea as I thought it could result in something that could be quite tacky. So then I went down the use of handcuffs as a restraint and detention by the authorities. This thought process then got me thinking about pushing back against the “system” and anarchy and chaos. The anarchy part then made me think of the Sex Pistols Never Mind the  Bollocks album cover.

Image result for sex pistols never mind

I wondered if I could do something along the lines of this and sourced some images of handcuffs from the internet to find something suitable for what I needed. I had in mind an image that would look screen–printed or stencilled but a little rough around the edges. This would be paired with text in a similar font to the album cover. I’d also had the phrase “Cuffed to bits” in my head and thought that I wanted to fit this in somehow.

Handcuff1

This was my initial design for the first card with which I had tried to emulate the feel of the Sex Pistols’ album….it was ok, but I felt it wasn’t quite hitting the spot. So I asked my peer group and they agreed that it wasn’t quite right. I took some time away from this design and concentrated on the other 2 and decided to revisit it at a later time.

On returning to this design it still didn’t quite sit right. I went back to the album cover and decided to reverse the text out of a block of colour. I kept the colour palette to a minimum and repeated the magenta colour for the coloured block. The result felt a lot more cohesive and also made the print job only 2 colours! It also now had more of a “nod” to the original anarchic album cover from 1977.

Handcuff2

Referring back to the exercises in this section, I believe that this is eye–catching and minimal but still peaks your interest as to what it is about.

International Tea Day

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You can’t beat a nice cup of tea! This is the reasoning behind picking this day to celebrate. Tea is a very British institution and is revered and mocked throughout the world. I looked at how tea has been advertised in the past and liked the images of old tea ads on the side of buildings with the brickwork showing through. I thought this was probably being too literal but did find very interesting and retro and I loved the typography and the fact that it had been hand–painted on there.

Source: Pinterest

Then my thoughts took me to teabags and their shapes.

Image result for teabag shapes

Source: The Telegraph

The square, triangle and circle immediately shouted ‘Bauhaus!’ at me. This appealed to me and I wondered if I could emulate a classic Bauhaus image and replace the geometric elements with teabags. I sketched out a few ideas to see if anything jumped out at me.

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I referred back to the Occam’s Razor exercise and wanted something parred back and minimal, like the Bauhaus style. So I went for the classic Bauhaus image of the white background with primary–coloured geometric shapes and bold, black text in the classic Bauhaus typeface Futura. I also wanted to include some sort of phrase to do with being “my bag” as if the card was used as an endearment. Bauhaus became ‘Teahaus’ and the triangle became a yellow, pyramid teabag; the blue circle became a round teabag and the red square a square teabag. Initially this was all placed on a plain white background, but this seemed a little harsh. I decided to dull this down a bit by adding a blue/grey gradient in the background. This seemed to pull the design together better and soften it a little.

Tea Front

I think that this design adds some tongue in cheek humour but still is about tea. I used the phrase “You’re just my bag!” inside the card to give it a little more humour besides the International Tea Day salutation on its own.

First Contact Day

As I said earlier, I’m a self confessed geek and Star Trek is part of that. So my initial thoughts took me all around the Star Trek universe from its inception in 1966 to its latest incarnation. However, first contact had been the subject of one of the Star Trek movies so I thought I’d better stick to that timeline.

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It centres around the first warp flight by humans attracting the attention of a passing Vulcan ship. My thoughts initially leant towards the ships involved and space itself and also the Vulcans and their appearance. However, even from my mind map you could see the Vulcan greeting used in the show. No matter what I sketched or thought I always came back to this.

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I played around with the hand and tried it left and right. I also tried it with and without the “live long and prosper” greeting. It then occurred to me that this was still a generic Star Trek card that had no context. The date needed to be added as this was a major part of the event being celebrated and the fact that it was in the future was a pretty major point. As a result I added the date in numerical form and also put it in the US date format as first contact happens in Montana, USA. I kept the design black and white to give it simplicity and clarity, especially where the date overlaps the hand.

STAR TREK FRONT

I liked the black and white but it didn’t jump off the page which it needed to do if it was to attract customers’ attention. I went back to my original thoughts and decided the black areas had to have a more ‘stellar’ appearance. I went in to Photoshop to create a star–scape to use as a background. I had to refresh my memory on some of Photoshop’s features as I predominantly work in Illustrator. I found a tutorial and used some of the filters and brushes to create an interstellar scene. The first included a planet in the foreground but this wasn’t clear due to the location of the text.

Untitled-2

So I then tried again and just used the stars on their own which gave a much better result.

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I then placed this behind the text and it gave a much more impressive effect and lifted the card 1000%. I then repeated this scene inside the card and reversed the text of the Vulcan greeting and the title out in white. I could have die–cut the the front of the card but then you would be able to see the text inside the card and it would have to be set differently which wouldn’t look right.

Star Trek Front Colour

I think that this works really well and is bold enough to be visible from a distance.

Final designs

Handcuff-Front-MockupHandcuff-inside-mockupTea-Font-mockuptea-inside-mockupStar-Trek-Card-Mockup-FrontStar-Trek-Card-Inside-Mockup

 

Conclusion

I feel that this was a really fun and interesting assignment and I can see how the previous exercises lead to this point.

As previously I asked both my immediate and extended peer groups for their feedback on the cards. The feedback was very positive and most of what I had tried to achieve was well received. Some people didn’t get the link between anarchy, The Sex Pistols and handcuffs. But once my logic was explained they saw the connection. The Bauhaus link was not easily recognised by non–designers, But, once it was explained they saw the humour behind the message. The Star Trek on e seemed to be the best received. This may be due to the fact that most designers and students are geeks at heart.

Overall I think that this assignment has been a success even if some of the cards are a bit niche.

If I had to criticise anything it would be that I need to document my process more on paper first rather than in my head or on the computer.

 

Point of sale display

Your local green grocer has asked you to produce a point of sale display to go above the fruit and vegetables in their shop. They want the display to be seen from the street through the shop window to attract passing shoppers in order to boost their trade. The shop is in a small precinct which also houses a baker, a newsagent, an independent shoe shop and is on the route to and from a well respected primary school.

The final reproduction size will be 2 x A1 landscape so you will need to produce your artwork at a smaller scale.

Either take photographs, create illustrations or use a combination to develop two images – one of fruit and one of vegetables. For each range you may choose an individual piece, dissected or partly sliced sections, or create a group of several pieces.

Then identify any wording you might want to use. The most important things to remember are what the shopkeeper wants to achieve and who the message is for (the audience). The posters will be seen from quite a distance and mainly in people’s peripheral vision so the visuals need to be clear and dynamic.

Illustrating food is a challenging area of work. Focus on the food in your image. Remember to create a visual distance between you and the food. Put yourself in the place of the customer and ask, “Does this look edible? Would I like to eat it?”. Be especially conscious of the way you use colour to describe tone, shadow and surface marks – poor colour choices can result in food looking mouldy, battered, and ultimately unappetising.

Identify the most appropriate software to complete the job. You will need to create a folder in which to keep your files.

Ask yourself and, if you can, other people how well the designs work. Have you included enough or too much information? Make notes in your learning log.

brief analysis - pos

Point of sale

point-of-sale display (POS display) is a specialised form of sales promotion that is found near, on, or next to a checkout counter (the “point of sale”). They are intended to draw the customers’ attention to products, which may be new products, or on special offer, and are also used to promote special events, e.g. seasonal or holiday-time sales. POS displays can include free standing display units(FSDU), shelf edging, dummy packs, strut cards, standees, hanging signs, counter display units (CDU), display packs, endcaps, display stands, mobiles, posters, and banners. POS can also refer to systems used to record transactions between the customer and the commerce.

Source: Wikipedia – Point of sale display

Gorgeous Whole Foods Market produce display | By 2018, Whole Foods will require the labeling of all genetically-modified foods sold in their stores.   Coffee shop window display, NY

I searched online for some examples of that I liked. They vary in style and message/purpose but all are bold and colourful and draw you in by conveying the intended message in a simple way using both images and type. The fruit/veg is still the main element, but is emphasised by the type and its typeface and hierarchy.

Initial thoughts

My initial thoughts on interpreting the brief was that it was asking for 2 x A1 posters to hang in the window of the greengrocer’s shop. It would involve some food photography which would be edited in Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop before being converted to a pdf ready for printing. Images would have to be of a high resolution due to being used on such a large display and text must be easy to read at a glance.

Ideas would need to be worked on paper first and a shopping list written before heading to the greengrocers to find some fruit and veg to be photographed. Photos would need to be set up and lit carefully, so some research on how to achieve this will be necessary as I don’t have any specialist camera equipment apart from my camera and tripod.

Also as a former chef I believe in letting the food do the talking and using its own natural shape and beauty when presenting a dish. There are some gorgeous natural forms and patterns out there in fruit and veg and hopefully I can incorporate this into my designs. I have an amazing cookbook called Modernist Cuisine that has some amazing food photography in it that captures the natural beauty of ingredients and dishes in unusual ways that I really like.

Image result for the art of modernist cuisine

Credit: Modernist Cuisine

Design ideas

So I jotted down a few key words and ideas into my sketchbook using mind–mapping and then listed the ideas that jumped out.

Ideas that I thought had possibilities were:

  • Using interesting fruits and their unusual shapes and colours
  • Sliced or cross–sections of fruit/veg
  • Should it be a single piece or a selection of fruit/veg
  • Different varieties of the same fruit/veg
  • Will the fruit/veg be the background or foreground?
  • Will the display be seasonal?
  • Interior of the fruit/veg: seeds etc.
  • Bold/bright

Then I started to think about what the message of the display would be and who it’s aimed at:

  • Fruit and veg is healthy
  • It’s a local business
  • It’s convenient
  • High quality produce
  • Fruit and veg is good for kids
  • 5 a day
  • “What’s for tea?”
  • “Can I have a snack?”
  • Come in and buy

As a parent of nearly primary school–age children I think that if this is to be displayed on the school–run it would mean parents would get to see this twice a day. Therefore this is your target audience. They aren’t going to be able to spend time reading details due to having to entertain small people, so it needs to be big and bold and convey its message simply. I think it needs to be aimed at the parents feeding the children fresh, healthy fruit and veg.

I decided that I was going to do this exercise using photos of fruit and veg and see what I could achieve with my own camera. So I blew the dust of my tripod and set it up to see if any of the lenses I had would be good enough for what I wanted. I went into the fridge to see what I could find…strawberries are all that was there! Ah well, they will do for seeing what I could achieve with the equipment I had.

The results proved relatively “fruitful”. I was quite happy with what I achieved with what I had but I didn’t think they were quite up to spec for what I wanted. I did like the close–ups of the strawberry’s skin and seeds as this looked very different at this distance. However, without having a macro lens I didn’t think I’d be able to achieve the desired results. It did point me in the direction of using close–up images in my designs as this would give that bright/bold images for the large posters.

09898196dcc6239662dbf0930b72173320-of-the-Worlds-Weirdest-Natural-Foods-Fruits-Vegetables20__700

So, which fruit and veg to choose. My initial thoughts were to use exotic fruit and veg as these would give more vibrant and interesting images such as dragonfruit or romanesco. But then I thought, would the target audience be able to recognise or relate to images of more exotic fruit?  So then, interesting images of more run–of–the–mill it was. The message and target audience also influenced what fruit and veg images would be as I thought that they would need to represent “family favourites”.

I had the phrase “What’s for tea, Mum?” rattling around in my head as this is what would be being asked by the kids on there way to or returning from school. Then I thought of my own kids and the “Dad, I want a snack” phrase sprang to mind. I wanted to incorporate something like this into the posters, but if I did it should be made less gender–specific as this may not apply to all of the target audience. The typeface for the message needs to be friendly and relaxed but easily readable from a distance. I decided to use Clarendon as it is a serif font family and is a little softer than sans–serif typefaces which for this type of project would appear too clinical and it also has some good special characters and ligatures.

Strawberry

I decided to revisit my strawberry photos to see if I could at least make one poster rather than using all images downloaded from the net. I used both Photoshop and Lightroom to crop the image and then adjusted the shadows and contrast. I was very happy with the result and it would more than do for this exercise. For the strawberry image I needed to find an appropriate slogan to appeal to the passing trade of parents of young children. I thought it should be something to do with busy parents needing inspiration for meals, whether planning the meals for the next week or something a more spontaneous for that day. So what do strawberries usually come with? Cream? That’s too obvious! What is a “family favourite” that contains strawberries? Trifle of course!

Posters-strawberry

I then went on to make 4 more posters on the same theme using images that I found on the net. I used similar phrases on them playing on the theme of the busy parent stopping in to get something for dinner.

Posters-chilliPosters-peasPosters-potatoPosters-rhubarb

I was very happy with the results and the concept, but I would say that! I then asked my peers for their opinion…

Feedback

Wow! Feedback from my peer group of fellow students was 100% positive. They all felt that I had hit the brief and the designs were colourful and bold which would attract the attention of potential passing shoppers.

The general consensus from those around me and the peer group was that the 2 winning designs were:

The colours seem to work together better and are more harmonious. Peas came in a close second. I liked the strawberry as I’d photographed it myself and also the ligature in the text in the word trifle. I think the peas and strawberry also make a good pair due to their bold, bright colours.

This doesn’t mean that the other designs couldn’t be used as part of a campaign or if the display is seasonal as not all the fruit and veg will be available all year round.

Conclusion

This was a very enjoyable exercise. Receiving such great feedback as well only backs up the enjoyment I got from doing this exercise.

If I were to criticise one thing it would be that I didn’t explore doing more of my own photography and pushing that further. But going forward I will definitely do more of my own photography where possible and not use image found on the net.

 

Finishing your artwork

Graphic design software

When I initially did my diploma back in ’93 Photoshop etc. didn’t exist. Any computer based design was done on CorelDRAW and desktop publishing was done with QuarkXpress. I did use CorelDRAW to do some mockups and for setting up type but didn’t do much more. I didn’t get to try QuarkXpress so I have no experience in using it.

Image result for adobe cc

Since then Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign have become industry standard as well as many other parts of Adobe’s Creative Cloud. I have had these 3 programmes in some form or another for several years now and subscribe to Creative Cloud(at a student rate) as I like to have the most up-to-date versions. I mainly work in Illustrator making logos and posters and it is an ongoing learning experience as I’m learning new stuff everyday. I have done some work in Photoshop but I feel less familiar with it than Illustrator as I don’t use it as much and when I do(even though I have a decent camera!), I probably only scratch the surface of what it’s capable of. Indesign is least familiar of the 3. I haven’t had much to do with it, but since my visit to the printers recently I have realised I need to know more. Adobe has a vast suite of software and I’m sure it does some amazing things. However, my knowledge is limited and I’m hoping that as I do more of this course it will enable me to expand my knowledge and use the software to more of its potential. Every day’s a school day!

Too much or not enough information.

Posters generally, have an image and one main line of text, most often the title, followed by additional essential information.

Look around locally and identify a coming event – it could be a jumble sale, a local gig, concert or play, an exhibition or sporting fixture – and design two posters to promote it.

Make the first poster full of details and descriptions about the event, when and where it’s taking place, what’s going on, how long it lasts, how much it costs and what to expect. Include all the details that you think your audience might need.

For the second poster apply Occam’s Razor to pare back the information to a bare minimum – be extreme: how little information can you get away with and how few words can you use? Challenge yourself to be as simple as possible, but don’t forget the essentials or the poster won’t do the job it is intended for.

Now ask yourself and other people if you can, which of the designs works best. What is the key information you need to include?

How did the feedback help you with your final design? Make notes in your learning log. Redesign your poster using the feedback to guide you, creating a new poster that utilises the best points of both designs.

brief analysis - occam's razor

The event…

I looked for a local event to use for my poster and thought I’d wait for the village magazine to see what events were upcoming. However, I wasn’t sure when the next edition would be out. Luckily I’d noticed a poster attached to the lamppost at the bottom of the drive advertising an event that I could use…

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The poster gave the relevant information about the event and some other pieces of text to encourage interest in the event. The next thing to work out was what was the poster trying to say? What information was it trying to convey? Basically it was giving the where, what, when, and how?

  • Where? – Ipplepen Hub
  • What? – Ukulele concert
  • When? – 8th Feb 2019, 7 for 7.30pm
  • How? – £5 ticket

What is ‘Occam’s Razor’?

Occam’s razor (also Ockham’s razor or Ocham’s razor (Latin: novacula Occami); further known as the law of parsimony (Latin: lex parsimoniae) is the problem-solving principle that essentially states that simpler solutions are more likely to be correct than complex ones. When presented with competing hypotheses to solve a problem, one should select the solution with the fewest assumptions. The idea is attributed to English Franciscan friar William of Ockham(c. 1287–1347), a scholastic philosopher and theologian.

Source: Occam’s Razor – Wikipedia

Below is a recent example of Occam’s Razor – Mastercard’s new logo by Pentagram. In its latest evolution the logo has lost its text completely and is represented purely by a symbol which is still easily recognisable all over the world.

Image result for mastercard logo

Article: Mastercard Logo Redesign

The posters.

The first thing to do was to create a poster with all the details of the event including all the information and text on the poster for the actual event. I wanted to use some imagery depicting ukuleles of some sort, so did a quick image search for some suitable imagery that could be used as a background for the posters. I found 2 on Pinterest that I particularly liked and thought would make good backgrounds.

I thought that with such detailed backgrounds the information needed to be kept simple. I duplicated the information in Helvetica as it’s legible and classic. I used it in 2 weights(Bold/Light) and in 2 sizes of which the smaller size was 50% of the larger. These 2 things helped keep the information simple and easy to read. This helped with the hierarchy of the information and aligning it all left made it look more professional than the ‘official’ poster. I was relatively happy with the result as it ‘does what it says on the tin’.

Next step was to apply Occam’s Razor. What information was needed and what could be removed. As identified earlier the information needed would be where?, what?, when? and how?.

Where? Ipplepen Hub, known as The Hub would need to be kept as this is the location of the event. Most people in the village know what and where The Hub is, so this shortened version of the name could be used as the ‘where?’.

What? It’s a ukulele concert. Does it need the name of the act performing or just the fact that it’s a ukulele concert? Ukuleles are also known as ukes.

When? For this the date and the time are needed. Can this be shortened or abbreviated in any way? The time is a bit ambiguous, can this be represented in a different way?

How? How is ‘how to attend?’. This is by buying a ticket for £5.

The rest of the information on the poster is really just waffle and is irrelevant so this can be discarded.

So this was my first version of the poster with the information distilled down to bare minimum. I didn’t have a heavy-enough version of Helvetica for the text so had to use Arial Black. I kept the left alignment to give it a unified look and also changed the opacity to show the background through and not look as harsh as pure white. I then put an overlay over the background image to dull it down a little to help the text stand out more from the busy background image. I then wondered what it would look like with the text reversed out showing the background…

It was at this point that I decided to ask for some peer feedback. I posted them on the OCA Graphic Design Students Facebook group and in the cohort email group and held my breath.

Both groups were very forthcoming with feedback which was all positive. There were pointers on letter spacing and leading, the choice of background image, the overall legibility of the poster and the typography elements used. One person suggested that I could possibly strip it back even more by removing the image background. This had also occurred to me but I hadn’t been brave enough to go that far!

I went back to my designs to tweak them. I downloaded Helvetica Black as I prefer this to Arial. I then changed the slashes in the date to dots as these affected to look of the letter spacing. I increased the leading of the type to give it more space between lines and addressed the kerning issues of the text particularly on the date. The general consensus was that the background of the second poster was too busy so I discarded it and concentrated on the first. I produced a black and white version of the posters to see if the contrast helped with the legibility and also a version with everything removed but the bare essentials. It was also pointed out that maybe I should change the opacity of the text to 100% to give more contrast but I felt that this made the image too harsh.

I then resubmitted these to the groups and the general view was that the first version(above) was the best of the bunch. However it was also pointed out that the third(above) black and white version had more contrast, but was it the better poster? The 2 versions with the text reversed out worked well but not as well as the other 2. The one with no image and just black text on a white background was a little harsh but still gives the same information as the rest.

screenshot 2019-01-29 at 21.10.32

So the winners are…

poster-mock-up1poster-mock-up

Self Assessment

I thoroughly enjoyed this exercise and hopefully this shows in the end result. The act of putting my designs out for peer review to some complete strangers was very daunting at first but proved very fruitful and helped with the design of the final posters. I am a fan of minimalism and that more can be said with less and in turn has resulted in a professional, modern looking poster for a small village event.

The only negative I can think of when it comes to this exercise is that you don’t have a closer peer network to bounce ideas off.